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<h1 class="center"><em>Under the Volcano </em>Study Guide - Chapter 7</h1>
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<th width="7%" valign="top" scope="col"><div align="left">Page</div></th>
<th width="93%" scope="col"><div align="left">Reference</div></th>
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<td valign="top">202</td>
<td>Hercules' Butterfly<br>
<br>
The northern constellation, the brightest star of which is Ras Alghete. </td>
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<td valign="top">203</td>
<td>that phrase of Frey Luis de Leon's<br>
<br>
i.e., "No se puede vivir sin amar", see also ch 6 </td>
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<td valign="top">207</td>
<td>Tarquin's ravishing strides:<br>
<br>
From <em>Macbeth</em>, II, i, 55. A reference to Tarquin's rape of Lucrece</td>
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<td valign="top">207</td>
<td>Orozco<br>
<br>
Jose Orozco (1883-1949) and Diego Rivera (1886-1957) (with David Siqueiros (1896-1974)) were the foremost representatives of the Mexican muralist movement </td>
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<td valign="top">207</td>
<td>"Los Barrachones"<br>
<br>
(Span.) "The Drunkards"</td>
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<td valign="top">208</td>
<td>the lighthouse that invites the storm, and lights it<br>
<br>
cf. the first line of Lowry's poem "The lighthouse Invites the Storm", <em>Selected Poems</em>, p. 18 </td>
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<td valign="top">208</td>
<td>that one other terrible cantina in Oaxaca<br>
<br>
El Infierno, referenced elsewhere </td>
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<td valign="top">208</td>
<td>enormous drop ... Kubla Khan:<br>
<br>
i.e. the "deep romantic chasm" in Coleridge's poem </td>
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<td valign="top">209</td>
<td>Sonnenaufgang<br>
<br>
The title of a Ufa film (1927) directed by F. W. Murnau (1881-1931). In an unpublished letter to the German translator of <em>Under the Volcano</em>, Lowry wrote: "Nor has anything I have read influenced my own writing personally more than the first 20 minutes of Munau's Sonnenaufgang". </td>
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<td valign="top">209</td>
<td>Start Point<br>
<br>
In Devon, England </td>
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<td valign="top">210</td>
<td>Christ, oh pharos of the world<br>
<br>
The pharos is the 3rd century lighthouse outside Alexandria (on the island of Pharos) accounted one of the seven wonders of the world. The Farolito, "The little beacon", or, as the Consul understands it, "the lighthouse", is thus associated with the Christian Saviour.</td>
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<td valign="top">211</td>
<td>an eagle drove downwind in one<br>
<br>
An' eagle' in golf is a score of 2 under par </td>
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<td valign="top">211</td>
<td>gouffre<br>
<br>
(Fr.) "gorge", "chasm", "ravine" </td>
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<td valign="top">211</td>
<td>the 19th hole<br>
<br>
The bar a weary golfer retires to after the 18 holes of golf</td>
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<td valign="top">211</td>
<td>The Case is Altered<br>
<br>
see also the "Hell Bunker" episode, around page 20 </td>
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<td valign="top">211</td>
<td><em>In dunkelete Afrika</em><br>
<br>
Not clear what film the Consul means. <em>Im dunkelsten Afrika </em>(1890) is the title of the German translation of Henry Morton Stanley's <em>In Darkest Africa</em>, London, 1890, but no film bearing the German title appears to have been made. </td>
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<td valign="top">211</td>
<td>Corinne Griffeth ... Sarah Bernhardt ... Sacre du Printemps <br>
<br>
Corinne Griffeth (b 1898) starred in a large number of slient movies in the 1920s. Sarah Bernhardt (1844-1923) was the most celebrated French actress in the final quarter of the previous century. The <em>Sacre du Printemps </em>was composed by Stravinsky in 1913. </td>
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<td valign="top">212</td>
<td>Silver King ... Zodiac Zone<br>
<br>
Makes of golf ball. The language of this passage echoes Donne's "A Hymne to God the Father":<br>
<br>
Wilt thou forgive that sinne where I begunne,<br>
Which was my sin, though it were one before?<br>
Wilt thou forgive that sinne; though which I runne,<br>
And do run still: Though still I do deplore?<br>
When thou hast done, thou hast not done,<br>
For, I have more. <br>
<br>
Wilt thou forgive that sinne which I have wonne<br>
Other to sinne? and, made my sinne their doore?<br>
Wilt thou forgive that sinne which I did shunne<br>
A yeare, or two: but wallowed in, a score?<br>
When thou hast done, thou hast not done,<br>
For I have more.<br>
<br>
I have a sinne of feare, that when I have spunne<br>
My last thred, I shall perish on the shore;<br>
But sweare by thy selfe, that at my death thy sonne<br>
Shall shine as he sihines now, and heretofore;<br>
And, having done that, Thou hast done,<br>
I feare no more. <br>
<br>
<em>Donne's Poetical Works</em>, Oxford, 1912. </td>
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<td valign="top">215</td>
<td>cucumiform<br>
<br>
'Cucumber-shaped'. Probably suggested by 'cuneiform' </td>
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<td valign="top">216</td>
<td>Les joyeuses bourgeoises de Windsor ...<br>
<br>
Probably based on Shakespeare's <em>The Merry Wives of Windsor</em>. Agrippa d'Aubigne (1552-1630), Fr. poet, author of love poetry and an anti-Papist epic poem, Les Tragiques. Collin d'Harleville (1755-1806), Fr. dramatist, author of light comedies. G. Touchard-Lafosse (1780-1847), Fr. journalist, novelist, and historian. Tristant l'Hermite (1601-55(), Fr. novelist, dramatist, and poet. Beucoup de bruit pour rien: <em>Much Ado About Nothing</em>. Also a comment on Laruelle's books. </td>
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<td valign="top">217</td>
<td>Guzman, A.B.C.G<br>
<br>
The Consul is trying to find his doctor's telephone number in the directory. Dr. Guzman's number appears to be 34 (or 35) on the 'Erikson' system. '666' and 'Cafeasperina' are the familar advertisements in the telephone directory. The names Zuzugoitea and Sanabria reoccur in Chapter 12 -- another delirius premonition. </td>
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<td valign="top">217</td>
<td>Que quieres?<br>
<br>
'What do you want?' </td>
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<td valign="top">217</td>
<td>Jean Cocteau's <em>La Machine Infernale</em>:<br>
<br>
Performed and published in Paris 1934, when Lowry saw it. Based on Sophocles' <em>Oedipus the King </em>(<em>Oedipus Tryannue</em>). The infernal machine of the play is the clockwork of destiny designed by the gods for the destruction of mankind. Day believes Cocteau's Machine was a major influence on the composition of <em>Under the Volcano</em>. </td>
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<td valign="top">217</td>
<td>Oui, mon enfant ...<br>
<br>
(Fr.) "Yes, my child, my little child, the things that appearr abominable to humans, If only you know, from where I live they have little importance". From the final act of <em>La Machine Infernale</em>. The words are spoken by Iocaste to Oedipus just as she reveals her identity to him. </td>
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<td valign="top">217</td>
<td>The Gods exist, they are the devil<br>
<br>
Not from Baudelaire, but from Cocteau. Epigraph to <em>La Machine Infernale</em>: "Les dieux existent: c'est le diable". Lowry failed to notice that only the first 2 of the three epigraphs are from Baudelaire. </td>
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<td valign="top">220</td>
<td>ayuntamiento<br>
<br>
(Span.) 'townhall' </td>
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<td valign="top">221</td>
<td>Tlahuicans:<br>
<br>
"Quauhnahuac ... was the ancient capital of the Tlahuicas", Prescott, VI, iii (194). Prescott also describes their defence of the town against Cortes. </td>
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<td valign="top">222</td>
<td>Goethe ... about the horse<br>
<br>
See also Part I (22 August) of <em>The Sorrows of Young Werther</em>.</td>
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<td valign="top">222</td>
<td>Sangriento Combate en Mora de Ebro. Los Aviones de los Rebeldes Bombardean Barcelona. Es inevitable la muerte de Papa<br>
<br>
(Span.) 'Bloody battle in Mora de Ebro. The rebels' (i.e. Francist) aeroplanes bomb Barcelona. The death of the Pope is inevitable'. The last of the headlines, which reappears as the 'dying fall' of chapter 7, is another forewarning to the Consul. Pope Pius XI died on 10 February, 1939, "quite possibly ... an anachronism, but I feel it must stand for I hold this a fine ending" (SL, 78) </td>
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<td valign="top">222</td>
<td>Pancho Villa<br>
<br>
Mexican revolutionary and guerrilla leader (1878-1923) who fought with Carranza against Huerta, 1913-4. </td>
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<td valign="top">225</td>
<td>Oxygenee<br>
<br>
i.e. eau oxygenee, (Fr.) 'peroxide' </td>
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<td valign="top">225</td>
<td>Name of a name of God<br>
<br>
Laruelle's English for Fr. 'nom de mon de Dieu', i.e. "Good Lord" </td>
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<td valign="top"><p>225</p> </td>
<td>Shelley ... the cold world shall not know<br>
<br>
the final line of Shelley's "Julian an dMaddalo"</td>
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<td valign="top">226</td>
<td> Cabron ... Venus is a horned star <br>
<br>
The Consul is hinting that Laruelle has also been cuckholded by Yvonne </td>
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<td valign="top">226</td>
<td>Carthaginians fighting on his big toe-nail<br>
<br>
See also William Drummond of Hawthornden's <em>Conversations in Ben Jonson </em>: [Ben Jonson] heth consumed a whole night in lying looking to his great toe, about which he hath seen tartars & turks Romans and Carthaginions feight in his imagination". </td>
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<td valign="top">227</td>
<td>Samaritana mfa, alm pha, bebe en tu boca linda<br>
<br>
(Span.) 'My Samaritan, pious soul, drink with (?) your beautiful mouth'. </td>
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<td valign="top">227</td>
<td>The God of Flies<br>
<br>
i.e. Beelzebub </td>
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<td valign="top">227</td>
<td>La Mordida! Agenbite ... rongeur<br>
<br>
La Mordida, (Span.) 'the bite', in Mex. Span. also 'the payoff', 'the bribe', is the title of an unfinished novel by Lowry. 'Agenbite', known from Michael of Nothgate's <em>Agenbyte of Inwyt </em>(1340), i.e. 'Remorse (or 'Prick') of Conscience'. Stephen Dadelus, in the first song of Ulysses also refers to the title. Rongeur, (Fr.) 'rodent'</td>
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<td valign="top">227</td>
<td>Facilis est descensus Averno:<br>
<br>
See also Vergil, <em>Aeneid</em>, VI <br>
<br>
facilis descensus Averno: ...<br>
<br>
Translated:<br>
'easy is the descent to Avernus: night and day the door of gloomy Dis stands open; but to recall thy steps and pass out to the upper air, this is the task, this the toil! </td>
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<td valign="top">228</td>
<td>Je crois que le vautour est doux a Prmetheus et que les Ixion se plaisent en Engers:<br>
<br>
(Fr.) 'I believe the vulture is gentle with Prometheus and that the Ixions have fun in Hell'. As a punishment for his crimes Ixion in the underworld was bound on a burning wheel, which turned forever. </td>
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<td valign="top">228</td>
<td>the little dark cantina<br>
<br>
i.e. El Bosque ('The Wood' or 'The Boskage'), which the Consul finally reaches later in the novel.</td>
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<td valign="top">228</td>
<td>Dies Faustus<br>
<br>
(Lat.) 'a lucky day' with pun on Faustus </td>
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<td valign="top">229</td>
<td>Dieu et mon droit<br>
<br>
(Fr.) 'God and my right'; motto on the shield of the English Consulate </td>
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<td valign="top">230</td>
<td>Brava attraccion! 10 c Maquina infernal:<br>
<br>
(Span.) 'Wild attractions! 10 c[entavos]. Infernal machine. </td>
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<td valign="top">231</td>
<td>that poor fool who was bringing light to the world <br>
<br>
i.e. Prometheus </td>
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<td valign="top">231</td>
<td>999<br>
<br>
The insecticide advertisment (666) upside down. </td>
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<td valign="top">232</td>
<td>this would go on forever<br>
<br>
The Consul believes he is being punished like Ixion. </td>
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<td valign="top">233</td>
<td>A madman ... bicycle tyre<br>
<br>
"The madman futilely and endlessly throwing a bicycle tyre in front of him, the man stuck half way up the slippery pole - these are projections of the Consul and the futility of his life, and at the same time are right and true, are what one sees here" (SL, 78) </td>
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<td valign="top">236</td>
<td>Un obseqio<br>
<br>
(Span.) 'A gift', 'On the house' </td>
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<td valign="top">236</td>
<td>lo mismo<br>
<br>
(Span.) 'the same' </td>
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<td valign="top">238</td>
<td>Dispense usted, por Dios<br>
<br>
(Span.) 'Excuse me, for God's sake' </td>
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<td valign="top">238</td>
<td>yet this day, pichicho, shalt thou be with me in -<br>
<br>
Pichicho': (Span.) affectioate term addressed to the dog </td>
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<td valign="top">238</td>
<td>To what red tartar, oh mysterious beats?<br>
<br>
Exhoes Keat's "Ode on a Grecian Urn":<br>
<br>
Who are these coming to the sacrifice?<br>
To what green altar, O mysterious priest,</td>
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